Introduction Sporting contests reflect societal values, as fair competitions are defined by equality of opportunity and gender equity. Morally, this means each individual should have the equal chance to be selected to participate in sport games without any discrimination or stereotypes based on gender. Hence, the necessity of separation of sex plays a crucial role

Earlier this year, in Hong Kong, several racehorses were euthanized due to severe injuries, poor prognosis that could not be saved during races (Lees, 2025; Lees, 2025). Though such decisions followed veterinary protocols, images of black cover erected mid-track and horses collapsed under pain quickly flooded social media, triggering public outrage about ethics. Critics condemned